Power BI Essentials
Business Intelligence for Everyone
Power BI is Microsoft's enterprise business intelligence platform that transforms raw data into interactive visualisations, dashboards, and reports. In 2026, Power BI is deeply integrated with Copilot, enabling natural language queries, AI-generated report summaries, and smart narrative generation.
Core Components
| Component | Purpose | User |
|---|---|---|
| Power BI Desktop | Author reports locally with a rich drag-and-drop designer | Analysts, developers |
| Power BI Service | Cloud portal for publishing, sharing, and scheduling refresh | All users |
| Power BI Mobile | Consume reports on iOS and Android devices | Executives, field workers |
| Power BI Embedded | Embed interactive reports inside your own applications | Developers (ISVs) |
Copilot in Power BI
Copilot in Power BI allows users to create entire report pages from natural language prompts, generate DAX measures by describing what they need, and produce executive narrative summaries of data trends — all without writing a single formula. In early 2026, Microsoft introduced Power BI Agent Skills, allowing agents to execute dynamic DAX queries and Python-based UDFs (User Defined Functions) to answer complex ad-hoc analytics questions beyond static dashboard visuals.
DAX Basics
Data Analysis Expressions (DAX) is the formula language for Power BI. Key concepts include:
- Measures: Dynamic calculations evaluated at query time (e.g.,
Total Sales = SUM(Sales[Amount])) - Calculated Columns: Row-by-row computed values stored in the data model
- Filter Context: How slicers and filters affect measure calculation — the most important DAX concept to master
- Time Intelligence: Built-in functions like
TOTALYTD,SAMEPERIODLASTYEARfor temporal analysis
Data Sources
Power BI connects to 200+ data sources including SQL Server, Azure Synapse, SharePoint, Excel, Dataverse, REST APIs, and third-party services like Salesforce and Google Analytics.