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What is MCP? — Foundation

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1. What is MCP?2. Core Architecture3. Host vs Client vs Server

What is MCP?

📚 Foundation⏱ 5 min⭐ 50 XP⌨ Hands-on lab

The Universal Standard for AI

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open standard that enables AI models to securely connect to local and remote data sources, and perform actions.

Historically, every AI application needed custom point-to-point integrations for every data source (GitHub, Slack, Jira, local files). MCP standardizes this connection. Once an MCP server is written, any MCP-compatible AI client (like Claude Desktop or Cursor) can immediately use it.

💡 Key Insight: MCP is often called the "USB-C of AI." It separates the AI client from the data/tools, creating a unified plug-and-play ecosystem.
🌐 Open Industry Governance: Originally developed and open-sourced by Anthropic, the Model Context Protocol transitioned to neutral, open governance under the Linux Foundation's Agentic AI Foundation (AAIF), ensuring vendor-neutral standardization supported across Anthropic, Google, Microsoft, OpenAI, and the broader open-source ecosystem.

Why Does This Matter?

  • No more siloed data: AI can finally access your local databases, intranet, and private code securely.
  • Security boundaries: The MCP server controls exactly what the AI can see and do. The AI only sees what the server sends.
  • Write once, use everywhere: Build the integration once, and use it across all your AI assistants.

Specification Timeline & Official SDKs

Spec VersionMilestone
2024-11-05Initial open-source release (stdio + legacy dual-endpoint HTTP+SSE)
2025-03-26Introduced Streamable HTTP transport, OAuth 2.1 framework, and Tool Annotations
2025-06-18Added outputSchema / structuredContent, Form-mode Elicitation, and RFC 8707 Resource Indicators
2025-11-25Added experimental Tasks (SEP-1686), URL-mode Elicitation, Sampling with tools, OIDC Discovery, Client ID Metadata Documents, and JSON Schema 2020-12
2026-07-28Current Stable Spec: Stateless Core (removed initialize & Mcp-Session-Id), mandatory server/discover, SEP-2243 HTTP routing headers, subscriptions/listen, MRTR, and io.modelcontextprotocol/tasks extension

Official Tier-1 & ecosystem SDKs under github.com/modelcontextprotocol include TypeScript (@modelcontextprotocol/server & @modelcontextprotocol/client in v2; @modelcontextprotocol/sdk in v1), Python (mcp / FastMCP), Go (go-sdk), Rust (rmcp), C#, Ruby, and Java (plus Kotlin, Swift, and PHP).

⌨ HANDS-ON LABInspect Reference Memory Server
⭐ +100 XP

Explore the MCP standard hands-on. Run the official reference memory server with npx.

1Launch the reference memory server using npx.
lab-sandbox — simulated environment
INFINITY LAB SANDBOX v2.6 — simulated shell
Type the command for the current objective. Helpers: "hint", "solution", "clear".
$
OBJECTIVE 1 / 1 — type "hint" if stuck
🧪 Knowledge Check
Press 1-4 to select1 of 3
What analogy is commonly used to describe the Model Context Protocol?
The blockchain of AI
The USB-C of AI
The SQL of AI
The Ethernet of AI